Its centerpiece is the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. The united nations history protecting the ozone layer. Preservation of the ozone layer, its resolution 55201 of. United nations environment programme international. On 16th september 2009, the montreal protocol and its parent convention, the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, became the first treaties in the history of the united nations to achieve universal ratification. Amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer adopted by the ninth meeting of the parties. Efforts at negotiating an international agreement controlling cfc use began in the 1980s and culminated in the 1987 montreal protocol. It contains high concentration of ozone o 3 in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. Human activities that can damage or affect the ozone. Nasa an improving ozone layer, something to sing about. United states banned the nonessential use of cfcs as aerosol propellants. With 197 nations party to the accord, the montreal protocol is the only universally ratified treaty in united nations history. The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in earths. Customs, playing a key role in protecting the ozone layer and mitigating climate change by dr ezra clark, ozonaction, economy division, united nations environment the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer has been in the news a great deal recently.
More than 190 nations agreed to ban ozone depleting chemicals. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. Trends in emissions of ozonedepleting substances, ozone. The report provides an overview of how the consumption and production. Evolution of policy responses to stratospheric ozone depletion. To date, it has helped reduce more than 97 percent of all global consumption and production of controlled ozone depleting substances ods. Environmental conventions and the united nations environment programme click here for pdf versions of brochure in english, french and spanish. Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer. He has a phd from the university of california, berkeley k madhava sarma recently retired after working for the united nations environment programme for more than nine years as the executive secretary of the secretariat for the vienna convention and the montreal protocol, the ozone protection treatise. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is a multilateral environmental. Get an answer for what are the achievements of the united nations organization. Nearly 500 organizations, teams, and individuals from 40 countries have received stratospheric ozone protection awards for their exceptional leadership, personal dedication, and technical achievements. United nations environment programme climate and the.
Approximately 90 percent of the atmospheres ozone occurs from 1018 km 611 miles to. Prepared by the world meteorological organization and the united nations environment programme as task managers for chapter 9 of agenda 21, with contributions from other united nations agencies. Recalling further the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, 1985, and the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, 1987, as adjusted and amended on 29 june 1990. The united nations is involved in meas worldwide on a number of issues, including biological diversity, chemicals and waste, and climate and the atmosphere. This is something quite unusual for a lesser known convention. Human activities and ozone layer free download as powerpoint presentation. United nations framework convention on climate change. The thin layer of ozone high in the earths atmosphere plays a crucial role in protecting life on the planets surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation emanating from the sun. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international environment agreement that acts as a framework for the efforts to protect the ozone layer. As a result, the levels of these substances in the atmosphere have begun to. Environmental conventions and protocols notes, download. Resource library this day in geographic history mar 22, 1985 ce. The montreal protocol is signed by 197 countries the first treaty in the history of the united nations to achieve universal ratification and is.
United nations audiovisual library of international law. Depositary, secretarygeneral of the united nations. Introductory note by edith brown weiss, procedural history note and audiovisual material on the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer in the historic archives of the united nations audiovisual library of international law. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Ozone layer and the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, united.
Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer by humanproduced ozone depleting substances has been recognized as a global environmental issue for more than three decades, and the international effort to address the issue via the united nations montreal protocol marked its 20year anniversary in 2007. The worlds governments have adopted hundreds of multilateral treaties on the environment over the past 70 years. One of the families of ozone depleting substances ods. The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing. Green cooling initiative on alternative natural refrigerants cooling. Languages, arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. Pdf causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on. This is the united nations treaty collection homepage. Stratospheric ozone protection awards since 1990, epa has recognized outstanding achievement in ozone layer protection. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer.
While the final word remains to be said, as threats to the ozone layer are not yet fully addressed, the story told provides many lessons for other efforts to build international cooperation. If youre looking for a free download links of protecting the ozone layer. Ozone layer of the united nations environment programme, mindful also of the precautionary measures for the protection of the ozone layer which have already been taken at the national and international levels, aware that measures to protect the ozone layer from modifications due to. Download environmental conventions and protocols notes pdf in hindi and english for upsc exam here. The multilateral fund is created to assist developing countries with. This acclaimed book by stephen o andersen is available at in several formats for your ereader. The international day for the preservation of the ozone layer is observed every year on september 16 for the preservation of the ozone layer. United nations industrial development organization. The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer convention. Guidelines for united nations offices 4 background. Customs, playing a key role in protecting the ozone layer. The regime established by the montreal protocol has proved highly effective in limiting damage to the ozone layer.
One example would be the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, which was brought together to address the hazardous effects of chlorofluorocarbons on the. In our present study, we shall discuss how ozone layer depletion is affecting human health and we shall also discuss some recommendations to minimize ozone depletion and its adverse effects on human health. The day is commemoration of the date in 1987 on which the montreal protocol was signed on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer wikipedia.
The vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is a multilateral environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons due to their contribution to the destruction of the ozone layer, resulting in an increased threat of skin cancer. United nations ep ozone secretariat conference portal. Parties established under article 6 information on the measures adopted by them in. Over the years, environment and ecology have been evolved as one of the most important topics of upsc and state pcs exams. Ozone layer, region of the upper atmosphere, between roughly 15 and 35 km 9 and 22 miles above earths surface, containing relatively high concentrations of ozone molecules. It was adopted and signed by 28 countries on march 22, 1985 at the conference of plenipotentiaries on the protection of the ozone layer. English openended working group of the parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer thirtyfifth meeting bangkok, 2224 april 2015 overview of issues related to hydrofluorocarbons and their.
In 1977 the united nations environment programme unep concluded a world plan of action on the ozone layer, which called for intensive international research and monitoring of the ozone layer, and in 1981, uneps governing council authorized unep to draft a global framework convention on stratospheric ozone protection. The united nations history is up to the challenge exhaustively documented, consistently insightful and carefully balanced. United nations environment programme distr general 19 may 2008 english only openended working group of the parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer twentyeighth meeting bangkok, 711 july 2008 item 7 of the provisional agenda proposed adjustments to the montreal protocol. The united nations history pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the suns ultraviolet radiation.
Beginning in the 1970s, concerns that the refrigerants used in most air conditioners and refrigerators were leaking into the air and depleting the earths ozone layer led to the negotiation and signing of the montreal protocol, a 1987 united nations treaty aimed at phasing out these chemicals. This paper traces the evolution of policy responses to stratospheric ozone depletion. Framework convention on climate change, may 9, 1992, in report of the intergovernmental negotiating committee for a framework convention on climate change on the work of the second part of its fifth session, incfccc, 5th sess. In the 1970s the world became aware of a huge danger. Today, because the montreal protocol has protected the ozone layer, large increases in. United nations conference on environment and development.
United nations treaty series nations unies recueil des traites. The ozone layer is basically naturally occurring gas in the region of stratosphere where ozone particles are accumulated 2. The convention entered into force on september 22, 1988. Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, 1985, and montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, 1987.
953 221 1150 535 511 1025 744 496 1444 810 1429 1451 1261 255 280 398 844 1186 1147 269 1023 289 723 1425 1306 896 1469 1347 1359 1352 1149 367 861 366 219 807 421 1264 415 1004